Information History

Who Is Colonel Gaddafi?

Muammar Abu Minyar alGaddafi was born into a Bedouin family in the desert area of Sirte in Libya on 7 June 1942. He received a traditional religious primary education before attending a preparatory school in the town of Sebha where he became strongly influenced by the panArab nationalism being espoused by the Egyptian leader President Gemal AbdelNasser. During the Suez crisis of 1956 Gaddafi took part in antiIsraeli demonstrations staged in Sebha which led to his expulsion from the city. He moved to the coastal city of Misurata where he completed his secondary education whilst beginning to organise an underground revolutionary movement. His increasing radicalism led him to enrolling in the Military Academy at Benghazi in October 1963; in an indication of his future charisma as a leader he managed to persuade others from the underground movement to enroll in the Academy. In addition he also encouraged cadets already at the Academy to join him and the members of the underground in forming the central committee of the Free Unionist Officers in 1964. Around this time Gaddafi also enrolled in the University of Benghazi to complete his education by achieving a degree in history. On graduatig from the Military Academy he was appointed to the rank of lieutenant and assigned to the armys Signal Corps based at Gariunis on the outskirts of Benghazi. Whilst stationed there he continued to strengthen the power base of the movement the full network power and influence of which only he was completely aware of.

On 1 September 1969 he led a small group of officers in a bloody coup detat against the reigning King Idris I who was on medical retreat on a Greek resort at the time. Gaddafis rebels abolished the monarchy and established the new Libyan Arab Republic in which a Revolutionary Command Council ruled the country with Gaddafi as chairman. Rather curiously Gaddafi did not promote himself to general of the armed forces but rather accepted a ceremonial promotion from captain to colonel a rank which he has kept down to the present day. Gaddafi began to develop the mew regime along the lines of the Arab nationalism espoused by Nasser in Egypt. He labelled it as Islamic socialism in which the government controlled larger industry whilst permitting private control over smaller companies he also imposed a system of strict Islamic morals. Taking a leaf from Maos Little Red Book he outlined his vision his sagely view of the world and his universal wisdom in the originally titled Green Book which came in three mouthwatering volumes published between 1975 and 1979. In addition to his literary offering soon after coming to power he launched what he termed a cultural revolution in which he strove to eliminate all indications of western culture mainly focussing on the eradication of the two giant ideologies of capitalism and communism. He believed that once all vestiges of foreign culture were removed Libyans could build a harmonious and successful society based upon the pillars of Islam and home grown socialism.

Gaddafi stated to the Libyan population and to the wider world that he was creating a direct democracy governed by the people through local popular councils and communes but in reality the power lay solely with Gaddafi aided by a small band of trusted advisors. However Gaddafi insisted that he was implementing democracy in what he coined as Jamahiriya which could be loosely derived as power for the people by the people. But Libya is no exemplar of democracy civil liberties are basically nonexistent and opposition is simply not tolerated. Gaddafi took on the baton of panArabism from Nasser of Egypt espousing panArabism advocating a unity of all Arab states into one Arab nation. In addition Gaddafi was a supporter of panIslamism and advocated a loose union of all Islamic countries and people. In 1972 he proclaimed the Federation of Arab Republics which was to unite Libya Egypt and Syria but the three countries failed to settle on a specific agreement of how the union would work. A similar proposed merger between Libya and Tunisia failed and would gradually deteriorate into mutual animosity. With the concept of panArabism floundering Gaddafi compounded relations with his neighbouring states by invading Chad in 1973 resulting from a territorial dispute over the Aouzou Strip. Libya were to retain a presence n Chad until 1994. Gaddafis global relations were similarly not the most congenial his continued support of the Palestinian Liberation Organisation and calls for the destruction of Israel made him public enemy number one with many Western states most particularly the United States of America.

When Egypt signed peace agreements with Israel in 1979 Libya sought to ally itself closer with the Soviet Union but rather bizarrely even relations between these two remained fairly cool. Desperate for friends Gaddafi sought to spread Libyan influence in states with sizeable Islamic populations called for the creation of a Saharan Islamic state and supported antigovernment forces in subSaharan Africa. This latter policy rather bizarrely exploded to include almost anybody who requested Libyas support there appeared to be no rhyme or reason to Gaddafis foreign policy as groups with ideologies at polar opposites to Libya received help. It was almost like Libya were hellbent on complete anarchy willing to prop up anyone that was willing to cause disruption of course the result was that Libya became more and more isolated in world politics. In response to Libyas support of international terrorism the US State Department banned American citizens form travelling to Libya and placed an embargo on the importation of Libyan oil. Following suspicion of Libyan involvement in the bombing of a Berlin nightclub in 1986 which resulted in the deaths of US servicemen President Reagan ordered bombing raids on Libya. The raids included the bombing of Gaddafis residence which resulted in the death of his one year old daughter. Gaddafi however was far from bowed he was implicated in the bombing of a PanAm Flight over Scotland which resulted in the deaths of all onboard and eleven people on the ground. His refusal to allow the extradition of two Libyans who were accused of planting the bomb resulted in economic sanctions being placed on Libya for the entirety of the 1990s by the United Nations.

It took the intercession of South African President Nelson Mandela and UN Secretary Kofi Annan for Gaddafi to agree to a compromise he handed over the two suspects to the Netherlands to face trial under Scottish law. One of the men was acquitted but the other Abdelbaset Ali Mohmed Al Megrahis was convicted which subsequently led to Libya writing to the families of the victims and officially accepting responsibility and agreed to pay compensation of 2.7 billion to the families. As a result of this offer the United Nations lifted its economic sanctions on Libya. The apology marked the beginning of Gaddafis attempts to improve his standing in world politics following the September 11 attacks on the World Trade Center he firmly denounced alQaeda. Many theories have being proffered as to the reasons behind Gaddafis sudden turnaround but probably the one that is most generally accepted is that it was born out of economic necessity. Sanctions had been crippling Libya and coupled with the drop in oil prices they forced Gaddafi to start building bridges with the West. However other realities most likely influenced his change in policy such as the complete failure of his earlier policies panArabism had failed panIslamism had failed the international armed groups Libya had supported had not benefited Libya in anyway and the Soviet Union had fallen apart. Simultaneously to his rapprochement with the West Gaddafi emerged as a prominent figure in African politics he is an influential figure in the African Union and is viewed by many on the continent as a humanitarian as he donates huge amounts of aid to subSaharan states. However his desire for control has reared its controversial head once again as rather than be magnanimous about his new role he has assigned the title of King of Kings of Africa upon himself which has rankled a few brows.

About the writer:nbsp;nbsp;Russell Shortt is a travel consultant with Exploring Ireland the leading specialists in customised private escorted tours escorted coach tours and independent self drive tours of Ireland. Article source Russell Shortt http://www.exploringireland.net http://www.visitscotlandtours.com

White Perceptions Of Slave Religious Ceremonies

There were different perceptions of the slave religious ceremonies by the white. The incantation rituals by the West Indian slaves were portrayed as African based. The slaves were opposed to the whites Christianity religion and this upset the white because it caused a threat to the whites mans safety. The slaves continued to worship their African God Whidah and this brought an atmosphere of uncontrollable hatred and merciless retribution between the slaves and the white. This revealed the unease and the suspicion with which the white watched the religious and the cultural ceremonies of their African slaves

The whites perceived the religious beliefs of the black as powerful exotic and untimely. They viewed the religious and the cultural ceremonies as unintelligible and threatening to order. They thought that the practices were not intelligent and did not follow the order that Christianity followed. This was just part of the white construction of European domination and African powerlessness in the colonial times. During the colonial times the survival of the slaves depended on their refusal to be absorbed by the white

As long as they maintained their religion and their culture then they felt part of themselves rather than feeling apart of the white. Their resistance to the whites ideology is evident in the slaves obedience to the African based religion. Their religious practices were used because of the new environment and they were used as a form of protest against the underlying European colonization.

African based religious belief offered the Africans a strategy for survival and identity. It was a good way to oppose the Europeans. The whites on the other hand wanted to assimilate the slaves to be part of the European culture in what they saw as civilizing them and this brought conflict between the whites and the slaves. A syncretized religion called Obeah played a dominant role in the British Caribbean isles. It was considered to be inspiration and dangerous.

About the writer:  The article was produced by the writer of EssayPaper.net. Rachel Hewlett is a 7years experienced freelance writer. Contact her to get more information about different types of essays and Hamlet essay writing.

Where Does The Name Rigina Come From?

The name Rigina is an alternate spelling of Regina. This version traces its origins to the Latin spoken in ancient Rome where Regina means queen. It derives from the term regulus or ruler and is the feminine form of the term. During the time in which the term Regina originated however it would have been an honorary title for the empress as women did not hold political power and were generally treated as property during this phase of history. A queen in those times would have enjoyed many privilges such as domestic servants simply for being married to the emperor and would be expected to provide male heirs to the regulus.

Throughout the centuries many people who admire the cultural and political innovations of the ancient Romans have continued to use Regina either as a name for daughters or as a title both in the religious and secular realms. Although a knowledge of the name’s derivation and meaning would render the name and title combination Queen Regina redundant many queens have changed their name to Regina or Rigina upon coronation thus lending some truth to the idea that Queen Regina must have made it popular. This has happened in many nations and periods of history where women have been regarded as secondclass citizens and the new queen wishes to take on the extra air of royalty when her husband becomes king. The legend of the name Regina coming from a specific queen likely lies in England where many queens took the name as a hearkening back to the Romans who brought their culture to the British Isles in the year 42 A.D.

Another reason many people over the centuries have named their daughters Regina or Rigina comes from the Roman Catholic Church. Since this religion began with Latin as its official language Mary the mother of Christ was always known as Regina Coeli or Queen of Heaven upon her Assumption. Due to their admiration of Mother Mary many Catholics especially those who already had a daughter named Mary would name a daughter born later into the family Regina in honor of that title used for Saint Mary or for daughters born on the Feast of the Assumption on August fifteenth. Naturally other Christians whose families have an interest in history would also name a daughter Regina for this reason lending the name some extra popularity such as it enjoyed in the first half of the twentiteh century.

The spelling of this name depends upon how one wishes it to be pronounced. According to the sounds of the ancient Latin from which it is derived the original Regina should be pronounced Ray geenah while substituting the i for the e at the beginning would result in the sound reegeenah. Each family has its own reasons for how the name should look and sound most importantly whether the daughter to bear the name is to be directly named after an ancestor with the name or whether they prefer the tradition and its spelling Regina or an alternative such as Rigina.

For more information on Regina visithttp://www.reginamicroblog.com/

About the writer:  Moir Bidii Just trying tot hink differently

When The Israelites Said: We Verily Are Of The Lost?

Many people do not know Allah. This series 170 is an attempt to help them to know their Creator.

Verses 7:147149 of the Noble Quran talk about: 1 Allah’s Law: The good deeds of the disbelievers are nullified in the Hereafter 2 Allah inquires: Shall the disbelievers requited in the Hereafter aught save what they used to do? 3 What the Israelites have done with the Gold that they took from the Egyptians? 4 The Israelites made an idol calf which yielded audible sounds? 5 Allah blamed the Israelites for taking the calf as god 6 When the Israelites realized that they had gone astray from the Truth and 7 When the Israelites said: we verily are of the lost?

The meaning of verse 7:147

Allah says:

And for those who deny Our revelations; those who disbelieve in Our Scripture and Messenger and the meeting of the Hereafter i.e. and disbelieve in resurrection after death what about them?

their works are fruitless i.e. their good deeds are nullified and they will not be rewarded for such deeds.

Then Allah inquires: Are they requited that which they are requited of in the Hereafter aught save what they used to do and say of evil in the life of this world?

In other words those who deny Allah’ signs and the encounter in the Hereafter the Resurrection and so on. their works the good deeds they performed in the world such as the maintenance of kinship ties or voluntary almsgivings have failed are invalid and will not be rewarded since they are not binding in this case. Shall they they shall not be requited anything but the requital for what they used to do? in the way of denial and acts of disobedience?

The meaning of verse 7:148

And the people of Moses after he had departed for the communion with Allah made of their ornaments which they had borrowed from Pharaohs folk on the pretext of a wedding celebration and which remained in their possession a calf which the Samaritan had fashioned for them therefrom; a mere living body of flesh and blood which lowed that is which made audible sounds like a cow.

But how come that the Samaritan made for them a cow which made audible sounds from the gold?

It is said that it the calf was transformed in this way when the dust which the Samaritan had collected from where the hoof of Gabriels steed had trodden was placed in its mouth for it has the effect of giving life to that in which it is placed.

Then Allah asks:

Did they not see that it spoke not to them nor guided them to any way?

So how can it be taken as a god?

Yet they took it as such a god and were evildoers for taking it so.

In other words the folk of Moses after he had left them to go in retreat in the mountain made a calf for worship made out of their ornaments of saffron hue of their gold which gave a lowing sound a sound that the Samaritan made for them. Saw they not did the people of Moses not know that it spoke not unto them i.e. the calf nor guided them to any way?

They chose it they worshipped the calf out of ignorance and became wrongdoers and they harmed themselves by worshipping it.

The meaning of verse 7:149

And when they the Israelites became at a loss that is when they became remorseful for having worshipped it and saw and realized that they had gone astray thereby and this was after Moses return from the communion; because Moses blamed them for taking the calf as god and worshipped it.

They said: Unless our Lord is merciful to us and forgives us verily we shall be among the losers.

And when they feared the consequences thereof and when they regretted having worshipped the calf and knew and were certain that they had gone astray from the Truth and guidance they said: Unless our Lord have mercy on us and forgive us and hence torment us we verily are of the lost by receiving the punishment.

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Verses 7:4243 in different English translations of the meanings of Arabic Quran:

Verse 7:147

QARIB: vain are the deeds of those who belie our signs and the everlasting life. shall they not be recompensed except for what they used to do?

SHAKIR: and as to those who reject our communications and the meeting of the hereafter their deeds are null. shall they be rewarded except for what they have done?

PICKTHAL: those who deny our revelations and the meeting of the hereafter their works are fruitless. are they requited aught save what they used to do?

YUSUFALI: those who reject our signs and the meeting in the hereafter vain are their deeds: can they expect to be rewarded except as they have wrought?

Verse 7:148

QARIB: in his absence the nation of moses made a calf from their ornaments a body with a hollow sound. did they not see that it could neither speak to them nor guide them to a path? yet they took it in worship and were harmdoers.

SHAKIR: and musa’s people made of their ornaments a calf after him a mere body which gave a mooing sound. what! could they not see that it did not speak to them nor guide them m the way? they took it for worship and they were unjust

PICKTHAL: and the folk of moses after he left them chose a calf for worship made out of their ornaments of saffron hue which gave a lowing sound. saw they not that it spake not unto them nor guided them to any way? they chose it and became wrongdoers.

YUSUFALI: the people of moses made in his absence out of their ornaments the image of calf for worship: it seemed to low: did they not see that it could neither speak to them nor show them the way? they took it for worship and they did wrong.

Verse 7:149

QARIB: but when it landed in their hands and saw that they had strayed they said: ‘if our lord does not have mercy on us and forgive us we shall be lost. ‘

SHAKIR: and when they repented and saw that they had gone astray they said: if our lord show not mercy to us and forgive us we shall certainly be of the losers

PICKTHAL: and when they feared the consequences thereof and saw that they had gone astray they said: unless our lord have mercy on us and forgive us we verily are of the lost.

YUSUFALI: when they repented and saw that they had erred they said: “if our lord have not mercy upon us and forgive us we shall indeed be of those who perish.”

About the writer:  CoChief editor October Weekly magazine Cairo Egypt.

What Were The Tablets Of Torah Made From And How Many They Were?

Many people do not know Allah. This series 169 is an attempt to help them to know their Creator.

Verses 7:145146 of the Noble Quran talk about: 1 Allah shall turn away believing in His revelations those who behave arrogantly 2 Allah says: if the arrogates see the right path they do not adopt it and vice versa 3 Allah wrote for Moses the Law upon the tablets 4 Allah said to Moses: Take the Torah seriously 5 What were the Tablets of Torah made from and how many they were? 6 Could Moses lift and carry the Torah of the Quran or the Torah of the Bible? And 7 Allah showed Moses the dwelling places of Pharaoh in the Afterlife

In thee previous article 68

Allah said: O Moses! I have preferred thee above mankind above the Children of Israel by My messages and by My speaking unto thee. So hold that which I have given thee act upon that which I have given you and be among the thankful that I chose to speak to you from among all people.

The meaning of verse 7:145

And Allah inscribed for Moses in the Tablets that is the Tablets of the Torah about all things one needs in religion as an admonition and a detailing an explanation of all things.

In other words And Allah wrote for Moses upon the tablets the lesson the prohibition to be drawn from all things and the explanation of all things of the lawful and the unlawful commands and prohibitions. Then Allah said to Moses:

1 Take it then firmly seriously and earnestly and enjoin your people to adhere to the fairest precepts in it i.e. command your people saying: Take the better act and 2 I shall show you the abode of the wicked evillivers the transgressors of Pharaoh and his followers which is hell; the Eternal Fire.

This indicates that Allah showed Moses the dwelling places of Pharaoh and his followers in the Eternal Fire. These dwelling places are their forever!

Furthermore It is said that these Tablets were made from the Lotetree of Paradise or of chrysolite or emerald and they were either seven or ten. This seems reasonable because Moses would be able to carry them.

N.B. the Torah today would not be written on 7 or 10 tablets of chrysolite or emerald; one needs some 7001000 tablets to write it on. These tablets need a big truck to carry them! A world champion of the weight lifting could not carry them!

This is the difference between the Torah mentioned in the Quran and the Torah found in the Bible!

The meaning of verse 7:146

Then Allah said:

I shall turn away from My signs the proofs of My power in the way of creations and otherwise those who behave arrogantly in the earth without right by humiliating them so that they do not magnify themselves;

and if they see every sign do not believe in it

and if they see the way the path of rectitude the guidance that has come from Allah do not adopt it as a way to follow

and if they see the way of error misguidance adopt it as a way.

That turning of them away is because they have denied Our signs and were heedless of them.

A similar statement has been made above.

In other words Allah said:

I shall turn away believing in My revelations those who magnify themselves wrongfully without any right

it is also said that this means: I will show you O Muhammad the abode of evildoers

it is also said that it refers to who see each token and do not believe and if they see the way of righteousness the way of Islam and goodness they do not choose it for their way; they would not consider it a way

and if they see the way of error the way of disbelief and idolatry they choose it for their way.

Why Allah turns them away? Because they deny His revelations His Scripture and His Messengers and they are used to disregard them disbelieving in them.

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Verses 7:145146 in different English translations of the meanings of Arabic Quran:

Verse 7:145

QARIB: we inscribed for him upon the tablets all kinds of exhortation and clear explanations of all things. so take it forcefully and order your nation to take what is best of it. i shall show you the home of the wicked.

SHAKIR: and we ordained for him in the tablets admonition of every kind and clear explanation of all things; so take hold of them with firmness and enjoin your people to take hold of what is best thereof; i will show you the abode of the transgressors

PICKTHAL: and we wrote for him upon the tablets the lesson to be drawn from all things and the explanation of all things then bade him: hold it fast; and command thy people saying: take the better course made clear therein. i shall show thee the abode of evillivers.

YUSUFALI: and we ordained laws for him in the tablets in all matters both commanding and explaining all things and said: “take and hold these with firmness and enjoin thy people to hold fast by the best in the precepts: soon shall i show you the homes of the wicked how they lie desolate.”

Verse 7:146

QARIB: from my signs i will turn away the unrightfully arrogant in the land so that even if they witness every sign they would not believe it. if they see the path of righteousness they shall not take it as a path; but if they see the path of error they shall take it for their path because they belied our signs and were inattentive towards them.

SHAKIR: i will turn away from my communications those who are unjustly proud in the earth; and if they see every sign they will not believe in it; and if they see the way of rectitude they do not take it for a way and if they see the way of error. they take it for a way; this is because they rejected our communications and were heedless of them

PICKTHAL: i shall turn away from my revelations those who magnify themselves wrongfully in the earth and if they see each token believe it not and if they see the way of righteousness choose it nor for their way and if they see the way of error choose if for their way. that is because they deny our revelations and are used to disregard them.

YUSUFALI: those who behave arrogantly on the earth in defiance of right them will i turn away from my signs: even if they see all the signs they will not believe in them; and if they see the way of right conduct they will not adopt it as the way; but if they see the way of error that is the way they will adopt. for they have rejected our signs and failed to take warning from them.

About the writer:  CoChief editor October Weekly magazine Cairo Egypt.

What Thomas Jefferson Learned

Those of you who have read any of my posts on George Washington will recall that I often tied events and patterns together in a way that I believe showed divine intervention. When I first began researching Thomas Jefferson I was sure that such a presentation was not going to be possible. I was just not finding that kind of information on the man. But I was only seeing the tip of the iceberg so to speak. ‘Diving’ deeper it’s another story…

Previously I’ve touched on the idea of ‘ideas’ declaring that results tangible and otherwise emanate from what we think. And that what Thomas Jefferson thought greatly greatly shaped our nation and its systems of government. So what was in Jefferson’s mind was of paramount importance. What he learned well over two centuries ago had everything to do with America being what she is today. “…bedrock Jeffersonian values…determined the shape of his political vision…and…remain such a potent influence on ours.” Joseph J. Ellis American Sphinx: the Character of Thomas Jefferson So back in time we go to the mid1700′s where we find the ‘point of origin’ of Jefferson’s penchant for learning his father Peter Jefferson.

Peter Jefferson started out as a farmer but his vision ingenuity and what I see as an entrepreneurial spirit coupled with strength and endurance moved him well past that. Young Thomas grew up watching the constant dynamic of a selfmade self taught man. A man who “valued education” and instilled that value in his son. R.B. Bernstein Thomas Jefferson. A man who seemed not to be content with what came along but continually learned and expanded his station in life as well as his fortunes. Having married into the Virginia planter elite when he wedded Jane Randolph Peter then managed a Randolph plantation in addition to owning the Jefferson’s land at Shadwell. He learned the craft of surveying and mapmaking for which he earned some renown creating the first accurate map of Virginian territory in 1751. His surveying expeditions also afforded Peter firsthand opportunities to acquire frontier lands virtually unexplored and laden with promise expanding his own estate. Going on to community and governing positions Peter Jefferson became a vestryman church warden and member of the House of Burgesses. If he had not died at the young age of fortynine who knows but that he too would’ve been a compatriot with our Founders? Such was not his destiny however. His destiny it seems to me was to be that exemplary role model that a young Thomas Jefferson fatherless at fourteen would never forget. A father who blazed paths from plantations to politics a descendant of Welsh immigrants who pursued and found his place in the circles of wealth and social standing. A man who broke out of the ranks “…who clearly owed nothing to anyone but was his own selfreliant master…” Max Lerner Thomas Jefferson: America’s PhilosopherKing

Talk about a spirit of independence…! I don’t think a more effective image could have been placed in young Jefferson’s sights. And perhaps the pain of losing his father so young caused that image to remain with him though perhaps unconsciously at times in such a way as to ceaselessly prod Thomas Jefferson into fulfilling the Destiny that his father set in motion.

About the writer:  Christina’s articles appear on her website http://godhistoryandyou.blogspot.com/ where early American history is presented from a different angle.

What Pharaoh And His Folk Said When Abundance And Comfort Befell Them?

Many people do not know Allah. This series 164 is an attempt to help them to know their Creator.

Verses 7:131133 of the Noble Quran talk about: 1 The five successive signs that Allah has sent to Pharaoh 2 What Pharaoh and his folk said when abundance and comfort befell them? 3 What Pharaoh and his folk said when an evil thing smote them? 4 Pharaoh said to Moses: Whatever sign you bring us we will not believe in you 5 When Moses invoked Allah against Pharaoh and his folk? And 6 Allah inflicted upon the Egyptians a flood locusts vermin frogs and blood but they refused to believe.

In the previous articles 63 Verses 7:128130 of the Noble Quran talk about: 1 Moses said unto his people: Seek help in Allah and endure the affliction and He said also: The land is Allah’s. He gives it for an inheritance to whom He will 2 The Israelites said to Moses: We suffered hurt before you came to us and since you have come to us 3 Moses said: Be patient the sequel Paradise is for those who keep their duty unto Allah 4 Moses said: Allah will destroy Pharaoh that He may see how you shall act 5 Allah straitened Pharaoh’s folk with the dearth of vegetation year after year and 6 Allah seized them with famine that they might take admonition. Then what?

The meaning of verse 7:131

But whenever a good thing such as land fertility abundance and comfort befell them Pharaoh and his folk they said This is ours this is our right! This belongs to us that is we deserve it and they did not give thanks for it; and whenever an evil thing such as drought lack of fruits or hardship smote them they ascribed it to the evil auspices of Moses and those with him; they would augur ill of Moses and those believers with him.

Allah said: Surely their evil auspice their hardship and abundance was only with Allah i.e. from Allah.

Surely their ill augury is with Allah Who brings it upon them but most of them do not know that whatever befalls them is from Allah.

The meaning of verse 7:132

And Pharaoh and his folk said to Moses:

Whatever sign you bring us to cast a spell upon us therewith we will not believe in you;

And so he Moses invoked Allah against them.

In other words they said:

O Moses whenever and whatever sign you bring wherewith to bewitch us to dazzle our eyes with we shall not put faith in you we shall not believe in the message. And so Moses prayed against them.

The meaning of verse 7:133

So Allah unleashed upon them Pharaoh and his folk the flood continuous uninterrupted rain: day and night from Saturday to Saturday which penetrated their houses and which for seven days would come up to peoples necks as they sat;

And Allah inflicted upon them Pharaoh and his folk the locusts which consumed their crops and fruits likewise; they were engulfing them for seven days and ate everything that the earth produced: vegetation and fruits;

and Allah also inflicted them with the vermin in Arabic the word is alQummal which is the plural of the English word lice woodworm tick or the vermin ; this means that Allah also inflicted them with crawling creatures without wingswhich devoured whatever the locusts left behind uneaten.

and Allah also imposed them with the frogs so much so that they harmed them such that they infested their houses and food supplies;

After which Allah inflicted on them blood such that their wells and rivers filled with blood.

A succession of different clear signs of one month interval.

But they were too scornful to believe in such clear signs; they were arrogant and refused to believe and became guilty; and were a sinful folk.

Verses 7:131133 in different English translations of the meanings of Arabic Quran:

Verse 7:131

QARIB: when good things came their way they said: ‘it is our due ‘ but when evil befell them they blamed their ill fortune on moses and those with him. indeed their ill fortune was with Allah though most of them did not know.

SHAKIR: but when good befell them they said: this is due to us; and when evil afflicted them they attributed it to the illluck of musa and those with him; surely their evil fortune is only from Allah but most of them do not know

PICKTHAL: but whenever good befell them they said: this is ours; and whenever evil smote them they ascribed it to the evil auspices of moses and those with him. surely their evil auspice was only with Allah. but most of them knew not.

YUSUFALI: but when good times came they said “this is due to uswhen gripped by calamity they ascribed it to evil omens connected with moses and those with him! behold! in truth the omens of evil are theirs in Allah’s sight but most of them do not understand!

Verse 7:132

QARIB: they said: ‘whatever sign you bring to us to cast a spell upon us we will not believe in you. ‘

SHAKIR: and they said: whatever sign you may bring to us to charm us with it we will not believe in you

PICKTHAL: and they said: whatever portent thou bringest wherewith to bewitch us we shall not put faith in thee.

YUSUFALI: they said to moses: “whatever be the signs thou bringest to work therewith thy sorcery on us we shall never believe in thee.

Verse 7:133

QARIB: so we sent upon them floods locusts lice frogs and blood. all these were clear signs yet they were proud against them for they were wicked people.

SHAKIR: therefore we sent upon them widespread death and the locusts and the lice and the frog and the blood clear signs; but they behaved haughtily and they were a guilty people

PICKTHAL: so we sent against them the flood and the locusts and the vermin and the frogs and the blood a succession of clear signs. but they were arrogant and became a guilty folk.

YUSUFALI: so we sent plagues on them: wholesale death locusts lice frogs and blood: signs openly selfexplained: but they were steeped in arrogance a people given to sin.

About the writer:  CoChief editor October Weekly magazine Cairo Egypt.

What Moses Said Unto Aaron When He Was Departing To The Mount?

Many people do not know Allah. This series 167 is an attempt to help them to know their Creator.

Verses 7:139142 of the Noble Quran talk about: 1 Allah has tested the Israelites by Chastisement and Deliverance 2 Is Allah biased to favor any nation because of the race skin color etc? 3 Moses said to the Israelites: Shall I seek for you a god other than Allah? 4 And He also said: the idolatry is in vain and will be destroyed 5 Has Moses Fasted for 30 days or 40 days? 6 Moses’ Fasting was like the Muslims’ Fasting and 7 What Moses said unto his brother Aaron when he was departing to the Mount for the communion with Allah?

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In the previous article 66 Allah brought the Children of Israel across the sea and they came upon a people cleaving in devotion to idols they had constantly worshipping them.

When the Israelites have seen them the worshipers of idols they said unto Moses: O Moses make for us a god an idol for us to worship just as they have gods. He said: Truly you are an ignorant folk for repaying Gods grace to you with what you have said’. Then Moses continued.

The meaning of verse 7:139

Moses said to the Israelites:

Lo! as for these their way their idolatry will be destroyed and all that they are doing of idolatry is in vain is error.

The meaning of verse 7:140

And Moses said:

Shall I seek for you a god other than Allah?

shall I command you to worship another god when Allah has favored you above all the worlds? of your time in the ways He has mentioned in His sayings? through surrender unto Him?

This means that Allah favored the Israelites because they at that time deserved that.

However Allah is not racial He is not biased to favor any nation or any man over another one because of the race skin color shape height etc. Allah favors anyone or any folk because of their faith and deeds.

Hence when Allah favors any folk; this is not absolute but it depends on their faith and deeds.

This law is applicable for any man or any folk whenever they are wherever they are and whatever they are.

The meaning of verse 7:141

And remember when Allah delivered you from Pharaohs folk who were inflicting upon you who were burdening you and making you taste terrible chastisement dreadful torment the worst kind of chastisement namely slaughtering your little sons and sparing and using your grown up women.

and therein in that deliverance or chastisement was a tremendous trial either a grace or a tribulation from your Lord so will you not heed the admonition and desist from what you are saying?

The meaning of verse 7:142

And Allah appointed for Moses thirty nights at the end of which Allah would speak to him after he has fasted during that period; He completed the fast. But when it came to an end he disliked the bad odor of his mouth and so cleaned his teeth.

Allah then commanded him to fast for another ten nights so that He may speak to him despite the odor in his mouth: as Allah says and completed them with ten nights.

Thus was the time appointed by his Lord concluded the time at which Allah had promised him to speak to him as forty nights;

and Moses said to his brother Aaron when he was departing to the Mount for the communion with his Lord: Succeed me be my deputy over my people and be righteous among them with regard to their affair and do not follow the way of the agents of corruption by consenting with them to acts of disobedience.

In other words the verse says:

And when Allah did appoint for Moses to spend in the mountain thirty nights and added to them ten days and he completed the whole time appointed by his Lord of forty nights as he promised;

and Moses said unto his brother: Take my place be my deputy among the people. Do right enjoin them to do right and do not follow the way of mischiefmakers by committing transgressions.

N.B.: Moses was fasting like the fasting of the Muslims i.e. no eating no drinking no sex no evildoing etc. from about one hour just before sun rise up to the sunset. This kind of fasting changes the odor of the mouth for the interested reader search Google for the fasting in Islam and its significance. Moses disliked to communicate with Allah while he had such odor!

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Verses 7:139142 in different English translations of the meanings of Arabic Quran:

Verse 7:139

QARIB: that which they are engaged upon shall be shattered and all their works are vain.

SHAKIR: as to these surely that about which they are shall be brought to naught and that which they do is vain

PICKTHAL: lo! as for these their way will be destroyed and all that they are doing is in vain.

YUSUFALI: “as to these folk the cult they are in is but a fragment of a ruin and vain is the worship which they practise.”

Verse 7:140

QARIB: should i seek any god for you except Allah? he has exalted you above the nations.

SHAKIR: he said: what! shall i seek for you a god other than Allah while he has made you excel all created things?

PICKTHAL: he said: shall i seek for you a god other than Allah when he hath favoured you above all creatures?

YUSUFALI: he said: “shall i seek for you a god other than the true Allah when it is Allah who hath endowed you with gifts above the nations?”

Verse 7:141

QARIB: and that we saved you from pharaoh’s family who had oppressed you cruelly putting your sons to death and sparing your women. surely that was a great trial from your lord. ‘

SHAKIR: and when we delivered you from firon’s people who subjected you to severe torment killing your sons and sparing your women and in this there was a great trial from your lord

PICKTHAL: and remember when we did deliver you from pharaoh’s folk who were afflicting you with dreadful torment slaughtering your sons and sparing your women. that was a tremendous trial from your lord.

YUSUFALI: and remember we rescued you from pharaoh’s people who afflicted you with the worst of penalties who slew your male children and saved alive your females: in that was a momentous trial from your lord.

Verse 7:142

QARIB: we appointed for moses thirty nights and we completed them with ten more; so that the appointment with his lord took forty nights. moses said to aaron his brother: ‘take my place among my nation. do what is right and do not follow the path of the corrupt doers. ‘

SHAKIR: and we appointed with musa a time of thirty nights and completed them with ten more so the appointed time of his lord was complete forty nights and musa said to his brother haroun: take my place among my people and act well and do not follow the way of the mischiefmakers

PICKTHAL: and when we did appoint for moses thirty nights of solitude and added to them ten and he completed the whole time appointed by his lord of forty nights; and moses said unto his brother aaron: take my place among the people. do right and follow not the way of mischiefmakers.

YUSUFALI: we appointed for moses thirty nights and completed the period with ten more: thus was completed the term of communion with his lord forty nights. and moses had charged his brother aaron before he went up: “act for me amongst my people: do right and follow not the way of those who do mischief.”

About the writer:  CoChief editor October Weekly magazine Cairo Egypt.

What Makes A Good President?

Each election year the people of the United States of America are faced with the difficult decision of choosing the next President. Sometimes the selection is obvious. Other times it seems like there’s no good option and it comes down to selecting the lesser of two or more evils. Whatever the case may be Americans as a group who patriotically believes in the core principles and values on which this nation was founded generally look for particular core characteristics for what makes a good president. These characteristics are described here.

The Born Leader

Throughout society there are people who fit into the role of leadership with ease. Whether it’s a corporate executive a university President or a Wall Street financial expert these leaders are recognized by their ability to jump to the occasion their flexibility and adaptability to overcome any obstacle and their ability to encourage others to follow them. Finally a good leader has the courage to stand up and make decisions without flinching and then lead the way in that direction without hesitation. These are the traits that make a person a born leader.

Responsible

Some people follow the rules because someone is watching. Other people follow the rules because it’s the right thing to do. But a third class of people follow only the rules that are moral and just and they work to change the rules that are not. This third group of people are the ones who stand above the majority of society with their ability to recognize injustice within communities and government that have become socially acceptable even though they are wrong. A person’s ability to recognize injustice and immorality despite the general consensus of the day makes them truly responsible.

Courage

True courage is often difficult to spot. Most often it requires that a person is tested in battle. In those critical moments of life and death this is when that trait either shines or it becomes apparent that it never existed in the first place. Many soldiers will report that courage shows up in people who they never would have expected. While other people who they would have thought would be the most courageous become whimpering fools under fire. It is for this reason that so many former military men became president in their later years. Once a person has been tested on the battlefield there is no question whether or not they have the critical trait of courage that makes for such a great leader and President.

Merciful and Wise

While a good leader must be brave and courageous a much more critical trait of a true leader is mercy and wisdom. This mercy should be reflected in an individuals ability to see the humanity in every human being regardless of race creed or nationality. And the wisdom is reflected in understanding the deeper cause of hatred and fear and knowing the course of action that serves the greater good even if it is not the best solution in the short term. Ultimately when a leader has this kind of wisdom the outcome of his or her decisions are always for the best and the nation with such a leader will greatly prosper.

Please visit ListofPresidents.net for a great list of resources about United States Presidents!

About the writer:  Ryan Dube is an Electrical Engineer with 15 years of experience in the IT industry. He has been freelance writing for over 10 years for publishers both online and offline and has covered topics including the paranormal finance relationships and more. Read more at Invisible Inc.

What Is The Lineage Of Allah?

A group of disbelievers went to the Prophet Muhammad and said to him: ‘Describe to us your Lord. Tell us: what is He made of? And to which species does He belong? Is He made of gold copper or silver? Does He eat and drink? Who did He inherit this world from? And to whom will He bequeath it? And What is the lineage of your Lord?

And so Allah gloried and exalted is He revealed this short Surah; that is composed of four short verses

The Surah 112 says:

Say: He is Allah the One!

Allah is the eternally Besought of all. He begetteth not nor was he begotten.

And there is none comparable unto Him

He does not have anyone who resembles Him or is like Him

Verse 112:1 says

Say to them O Muhammad: He is Allah the One He has no son or partner.

Verse 112:2

Allah is AlSamad in Arabic

AlSamad is one of Allah names

The Arabic word AlSamad has many meanings.

AlSamad means the SelfSufficient

the eternally Besought of all!

It also means

the Master whose glory is at its peak and for Whom all created beings are in need;

He Who does not eat or drink;

He Who does not have an interior;

He is the Everlasting;

He is the SelfSufficient

the One Who is always sought at times of need

The eternally Besought of all is Him

Verse 112:3

He neither begot for no likeness of Him can exist nor was begotten since createdness is precluded in His case.

And AlSamad means:

He begetteth not nor was begotten?

This means that He did not inherit His dominion; for anyone who is begotten will certainly die and whoever dies will be inherited. Allah does not die nor is He inherited.

Verse 112:4

And there is none comparable unto Him

He does not have an opposite peer or equal or anyone who may resemble or begin to resemble Him;

And it is also said this means: He does not have any coequal who would compete with Him about dominion and sovereignty’.

Nor is there anyone equal to Him neither match nor comparison.

This is Allah your Creator!

Surah 112 in different English translations

Verse 112:1

QARIB: say: ‘he is Allah the one

SHAKIR: say: he Allah is one

PICKTHAL: say: he is Allah the one!

YUSUFALI: say: he is Allah the one and only;

Verse 112:2

QARIB: the called upon.

SHAKIR: Allah is he on whom all depend

PICKTHAL: Allah the eternally besought of all!

YUSUFALI: Allah the eternal absolute;

Verse 112:3

QARIB: who has not given birth and has not been born

SHAKIR: he begets not nor is he begotten

PICKTHAL: he begetteth not nor was begotten.

YUSUFALI: he begetteth not nor is he begotten;

Verse 112:4

QARIB: and there is none equal to him. ‘

SHAKIR: and none is like him

PICKTHAL: and there is none comparable unto him.

YUSUFALI: and there is none like unto him.

About the writer:  CoChief editor October Weekly magazine Cairo Egypt.